Zoraptera, commonly known as angel insects, are a small and relatively obscure order of insects comprising 47 species (11 are extinct) that were classified in a single family, Zorotypidae and one genus, Zorotypus. Currently, the Zoraptera are devided into two families, four subfamilies and nine genera.
To date, only one species was known from Colombia, Centrozorus hamiltoni. A new species of Zoraptera has been found at the MPNR. Discovered at 2500m elevation, Centrozorus mesenia sp. nov. holds the record of the highest elevation for any zorapteran collected up to present.
Centrozorus mesenia sp. nov.
These tiny insects are characterized by their minute size (usually less than 3 mm), and they can be either winged or wingless. They inhabit tropical and subtropical regions and are often found in rotting wood, leaf litter, or under bark.
The evolutionary history of Zoraptera is not well-documented due to their cryptic nature and the scarcity of fossil records. However, molecular phylogenetic studies have provided some insights into their evolutionary relationships. Zoraptera are considered one of the more primitive orders of insects, showing some morphological features that suggest a close relationship to the order Dictyoptera, which includes cockroaches, termites, and mantids. Their evolutionary history remains a subject of ongoing research, with recent studies employing both morphological and genetic data to better understand their phylogeny.
Though often overlooked, Zoraptera play several significant roles in their ecosystems:
1. Decomposers: Zorapterans contribute to the decomposition of organic matter. By feeding on fungal spores, detritus, and other small organic particles, they help in nutrient cycling within their habitats.
2. Symbiotic Relationships: Some species are known to have symbiotic relationships with certain fungi, assisting in the breakdown of wood and other plant materials.
3. Food Web Integration: They serve as prey for various predators, including spiders, ants, and other larger insects, thus forming an integral part of the food web in their ecosystems.
Moss covered decomposing log in which Centrozorus mesenia sp. nov. was found.
Zorapterans exhibit interesting social behaviors. They often live in small colonies under bark or within decaying wood. The colonies usually consist of a mix of winged and wingless individuals, with winged forms dispersing to find new habitats. Their reproductive behavior includes a simple courtship, and females lay eggs singly or in small clusters. The development from egg to adult involves gradual metamorphosis through nymphal stages.
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